Oxygenation by Sponges in the deep Ocean

• Life began by oxygenation in ocean and the atmosphere
• Oxygen at the upper layer of atmosphere >> bottom layer
• To sustain life the oxygen demand ~ oxygen supply
• At the botton: when demand gets high, lifeforms struggle to evolve

Role of Sponges: 

• Helped in reducing oxygen consumption and creating conditions suited for the evolution of more complex, multi-cellular life with higher oxygen needs 
• Also helped in “removing” phosphorus found in the ocean
• This led to a rise in oxygen supply in the deep ocean for the animals to evolve.

*Courtesy: Nature Geoscience

China's ASBM in the Pacific Ocean

What: ASBM (Anti Ship Ballistic Missile) + Onboard radar

Purpose: Can track and strike an aircraft carrier in  the Pacific from about 2000 km distance

Comment: "Has shaken the traditional view of the U.S. Navy’s unassailable superiority in the Pacific"

Note:

China currently has three clusters of ELINT (Electronic Intelligence)satellites that provide global surveillance. 

The People's Liberation Army (PLA). It is the world's largest military force, with a strength of approximately 3 lakhs.