Worlds largest solar power project to be installed in Jodhpur, Rajasthan

Asia's largest single location solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant with a generation capacity of 55 MW was commissioned on Wednesday. The project was part of the first phase of the National Solar Mission.Solar Park would be established in 10 thousand hectare land and Asian Development Bank (ADB) will provide 3000 crore rupees loan for development of transmission lines of this solar park.The technical assistance for the solar park will be provided by Clinton Foundation as per the agreement between State government of Rajasthan and Clinton foundation in 2010. Three more solar parks will come in Jaisalemer, Barmer and Bikner Districts with the help of Clinton Foundation.

India's first All Women Bank- Bhartiya Mahila Bank

Government plans to set up about 25 branches of the proposed public sector Bharatiya Mahila Bank, India's first all women bank, by the end of this fiscal. The government has already approved Rs 1,000 crore seed capital for the women focused public sector bank, announced by Finance Minister P Chidambaram in his budget speech. The bank will be headquartered at New Delhi.

International Development Association

The International Development Association (IDA) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. The IDA is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1960 to complement the existing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development by lending to developing countries which suffer from the lowest gross national income, from troubled creditworthiness, or from the lowest per capita income. Together, the International Development Association and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are collectively known as the World Bank, as they follow the same executive leadership and operate with the same staff.

India's tax-to-GDP ratio one of the lowest

At 15.5 per cent, India has one of the lowest tax-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratios. India has around 35 million taxpayers. Among G20 countries, India had the third-lowest tax base, before Mexico and Indonesia. The property tax-to-GDP ratio in India is only 0.48 per cent. France and the UK, it is 4.3 per cent and 4.21 per cent, respectively. For China, it is 1.7 per cent. Wealth tax in India is only 0.007 per cent of GDP, while it is 0.89 per cent in France.

In 2011-12, the tax-GDP ratio stood at 5.5 per cent for direct taxes and 4.4 per cent for indirect taxes.

Definition Tax-to-GDP ratio: 

This ratio is the total government tax collections divided by the country's GDP. Some countries, like Sweden, have a high tax-to-GDP ratio (as high as 54%). Other countries, like India, have a low ratio. When tax revenues grow at a slower rate than the GDP of a country, the tax-to-GDP ratio drops. Taxes paid by individuals and corporations often account for the majority of tax receipts, especially in developed countries.

Customs and duties paid by users of goods and services also make up a portion of tax receipts. (Investopedia)

SEZ land norms relaxed

**Minimum land requirement for SEZs**

For Single Product Industry:
Before:    100 hectares
Now:       50 hectares

For Multi Product Industry:
Before:     1000 hectares
Now:        500 hectares

Benefit of this change:        Easy for investors

Benefit of SEZ in general:
A- 100% income tax exemption on export income for SEZ units for the first five years.
B- SEZs allow duty-free imports or domestic procurement of goods

China launches worlds highest wind farm

What:         China strengthened its position as a leader in renewable energy by installing the world’s highest wind farm.
Where:       Tibet
Height:       4,900 m above sea level
How many: 5
Capacity:   15MW (enough to power 13,500 homes)

"Durga" - Largest Blast furnace of the country starts operating

Where:           Rourkela
Organization: SAIL
What:             Blast Furnace (named Durga)
Why:              To increase hot metal Capacity of SAIL
Whats new:   Closed-loop cooling system => zero water dischage

Zafar Futehally (Indian Naturalist) passes away

Who:   Zafar Futehally

What: Ornithology and Conservation

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and Arjuna Awards- 2013

Who:   Ronjan Sodhi (Trap shooter)
What:  Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna
Why:   Indian to win two back-to-back World Cup gold medals
Other Facts: Interestingly, it is for the third consecutive year that a Khel Ratna award has gone to a shooter.

Who:   Virat Kohli
Why:   Arjuna award for Cricket

Who:   PV Sindhu
What:  Arjuna Award
Why:   first Indian woman shuttler to clinch a bronze medal at the recent World Championships

Note:  14 sportspersons picked for the Arjuna award

Tripura High Court Launches India's first Cyber Forensic Lab

Why:            1- Need of Decentralized System

                      2- Difficult to control everything from Delhi

What:            SMS facility to inform both litigant and the Lawyer (e governance)

Objective:     Modernization of Legal Service

Visa on arrival in four more cities

• Visa-on-Arrival facility for tourists will now be available at four more international airports across the country, besides the four existing metropolitan cities.
• Initiated at Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Hyderabad and Bangalore airports with effect from August 15.
• Visitors from 11 countries, including Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, the Philippines and Myanmar, are eligible to avail the VoA facility.
• The scheme has contributed to an increase in the number of tourists from these countries, and the government is in the final stages of consultations on allowing the facility to citizens of another 10 countries, including Germany, France and Russia.

Biocon launches drug for Psoriasis cure

Chairperson and MD, Biocon, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw

• Indian biotechnology firm announced launch of first drug for Psoriosis (a skin disease). 
• The drug is called ALZUMAb, which took 10 years of R&D before it was released.
• It is supposed to affect 1-2% of Indian population. 

Camel- carrier of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Co-V)

• Although the researchers found antibodies to MERS in the camels, it does not necessarily mean the animals are passing the virus to humans. This has yet to be proven.
• MERS is a member of a the coronavirus family which in humans causes illnesses ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
• The infection had not been seen in humans before April 2012. In most cases it has caused severe illness, with death occurring in about half of them.

Shalini Singh bags Prem Bhatiya award-2013

Shalini Singh, a Deputy Editor with The Hindu, has bagged the prestigious Prem Bhatia Award for Political Reporting-2013.

The award ceremony will be held on August 11, where the former Foreign Secretary and chairman of the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB), Shyam Saran, will deliver the 18th Annual Prem Bhatia Memorial Lecture.

Source: The Hindu

Genetically Modified Crops and Monsanto in India

About Monsanto: Monsanto is the largest company that manufactures genetically modified seeds. In last quarter alone they reported a net sales of $4.2 billions and profit of around $1000 million. Corn, soybeans and cotton are the most common GE crops in US. around 90% of these crops are produces by GM seeds in US.

BRAI Bill: Biotechnology Regulatory Authority Bill

• There are growing protests to ban Monsanto from India, since it is hurting commercial interest of the farmers at the same time fiddling with the environment.
• Earlier Monsanto has been banned from Europe on the same lines.
• Prior to this there was a lot of debate on introduction of GM Bt Brinjal in Indian fields. The concern was that the genetically engineered Bt Brinjal would soon become a weed, hence would pose threat to biodiversity.
• Philippines Supreme Court has recently banned open field trials of Bt Brinjal.
• Supreme Court of India appointed a Technical Expert Committee (TEC)
• Then, TEC recommended 10 years suspension of on field trails of GE food crops.
• While people supporting GM crops believe that conventional agricultural methodology is not sufficient to meet the growing demands of our population.

Note:We must note that our food insecurity is not majorly because of production shortfall but is due to a poorly managed supply chain system where a big chunk of foodgrains rot in our godowns.

Myanmar celebrates 25th anniversary of the '8888' movement

When: 8th Aug 1988 (thats why '8888')

Where: Burma (Nationwide)

What: a series of marches, demonstrations, protests, and riots

Why: Since 1962, the country had been ruled by the Burma Socialist Programme Party regime as a one-party state, headed by General Ne Win. The catastrophic Burmese Way to Socialism had turned Burma into one of the world's most impoverished countries. Almost everything was nationalized and the government combined Soviet-style central planning with superstitious beliefs. 

Explanation: Hundreds of thousands of ochre-robed monks, young children, university students, housewives, and doctors demonstrated against the regime. The uprising ended on 18 September, after a bloody military coup by the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). Thousands of deaths have been attributed to the military during this uprising, while authorities in Myanmar put the figure at around 350 people killed. 

During the crisis, Aung San Suu Kyi emerged as a national icon. When the military junta arranged an election in 1990, her party, the National League for Democracy, won 80% of the seats in the government (392 out of 447). But the military junta suppressed everything that could have developed from these democratic achievements.

Sources: Wiki

Source of Controversial HeLa Cells revealed

• The HeLa cell line is named after Henrietta Lacks, a woman whose aggressive cervical cancer killed her in 1951. 
• Researchers used cells sampled from that tumor to create the HeLa cell line, the first and now by far the most commonly used in cell biology laboratories. 
• Recently a science journalist published a book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, that revealed how insensitively biomedical researchers have treated the family over the decades.
• HeLa genome has been “remarkably stable”, in spite of evolving for 6 decades in different laboratories around the world.  
• Since then, these cells have been extensively used for a wide variety of biomedical research and played a part in several Nobel-Prize-winning scientific discoveries.

Ex-IMF heavyweight Raghuram Rajan named new RBI chief

• Chief Economic Advisor Raghuram Rajan will be the next Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor after incumbent D Subbarao retires in September.
• 50-year old Dr Rajan, a former International Monetary Fund (IMF) Chief Economist was appointed as the Chief Economic Advisor in the Finance Ministry in August last year. He is acclaimed for predicting the 2008 global financial crisis.
• The Indian rupee recovered dramatically on news of Dr. Rajan's appointment after it hit an all-time low of 61.80 and ended in the green at 60.77, wiping off all losses.

Post Sold to Bezos

• Amazon's Jeff Bezos buys The Washington Post for $250 million in CASH
• The sale ends the Graham family's eight-decade ownership of the Post, which is one of the oldest newspapers in the country
• News of the sale comes two days after The Boston Globe was sold for $70 million
• Bezos, 49, has an estimated net worth of $25.2 billion
• The sale came as a complete shock to employees of the Post
• Bezos told Post employees that the 'values' of the newsroom will stay the same but there will be a renewed focus on innovative ways to cover the news going forward
• Katherine Weymouth will stay on as CEO of Washington Post Media and publisher of The Washington Post

                                   

China Radio International’s Tamil service completes 50 years

• The CRI Tamil service was founded in Aug 1, 1963, and has expanded its operations on a multimedia communication platform with a mixture of shortwave broadcasting service, FM service, website, mobile and magazine services.

• The service at present provides eight hours of programme everyday which included four-hour shortwave service and four FM service broadcasts from Colombo.

• The Tamil service like the Hindi and Bengali services are mostly run by the Chinese students who have learnt the languages in the Peking University, which runs language courses in vast number of foreign languages. They are assisted by expert broadcasters from the respective areas.

Hassan Rouhani sworn in as president of Iran

Rouhani, Iran's seventh president since the 1979 Islamic revolution, formally began his four-year mandate on Saturday when Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, in a separate ceremony, endorsed his sensational victory in June's presidential election.

Malayalam poetess Sugathakumari gets Saraswati Samman

• Sugathakumari was honoured for her collection of poems in Malayalam entitled Manalezhuthu (the writings on the sand) published in 2006.

• Renowned Malayalam poetess and social activist Sugathakumari was on Friday conferred with prestigious Saraswati Samman award for 2012, instituted by KK Birla Foundation.

• Apart from this award, K. K. Birla Foundation also confers other two awards that include Bihari Puraskar, Rajasthani writers and Vyas Samman for Hindi.

• Past recipients include Dr Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Vijay Tendulkar, Dr Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Dr Dharam Veer Bharati and Srilal Shukla.

Waman Kendre is the new NSD director

Theatre artist Waman Kendre has been appointed the director of the National School of Drama (NSD) here. An NSD alumnus, Kendre's appointment is for five years w.e.f the date of assumption of charge of the post or till superannuation on 62 years of age or until further order, whichever is earlier.

• A frontrunner of the Dalit theatre movement in Maharashtra of the late 70s, he is currently heading the Academy of Theatre Arts, Mumbai University.

• He is known for role in plays like "Mohandas", "Ranangan" and "Janeman".

UNICEF launches initiative on violence against children

UNICEF on Wednesday launched a new initiative on violence against children, calling on the international community to speak out against it. The 'End Violence Against Children' initiative seeks to build on growing popular outrage following attacks against children, including the 2012 shooting of then 14-year-old Malala Yousafzai in Pakistan, the fatal shooting of 26 pupils and teachers in Newtown in US and gangrapes in India and South Africa.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), some 150 million girls and 73 million boys under 18 years experienced sexual violence and exploitation, and an estimated 1.2 million children are trafficked every year, according to a 2005 report by the International Labor Organization (ILO).

The latest initiative urges people around the world to recognise violence against children. The initiative was unveiled today with a video narrated by UNICEF goodwill ambassador and actor Liam Neeson.

India's First Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 'INS Vikrant'

India’s first Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC-1) for the Indian Navy has been floated out at state-owned Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL). This made India the fifth country after the US, Russia, Britain and France to have the capability to build such vessels. The carrier is expected to be delivered by end 2018.

The IAC-1 is a 40,000 tonne air defence platform and will be named INS Vikrant. 

The aircraft carrier INS Vikrant will have an endurance of 8,000 nautical miles and will be to carry a maximum of 30 aircraft. INS Vikrant will have long-range Surface-to-Air Missile (LR SAM) systems with a multi-function radar, a close-in weapon system, the most modern C/D band early air-warning radar and the V/UHF tactical air-navigational and direction finding systems. The carrier will have two take-off runways and landing. 260 metre in length and 60 m in breadth and capable of attaining speeds over 28 knots (56 km per hour), the carrier will be able to accommodate about 25 aircraft. It will have a crew of about 1,450.

Swavalamban Scheme

Objectives:

1. To encourage the people from the unorganized sector to voluntarily save for their retirement.
2. To lower the cost of operations of the New Pension Scheme (NPS) for such subscribers.

Key Points:

1. Government contributes Rs. 1000 per year to each NPS account opened.
2. Govt does a minimum contribution of Rs. 1000 and a maximum contribution of Rs. 12000 per annum.
3. The then Hon’ble Finance Minister, Shri Pranab Mukherjee has launched the Swavalamban Scheme on 26.09.2010 at Jangipur (West Bengal).
4. Managed by the interim Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority.
5. The Operational Guidelines on Swavalamban are available on the PFRDA’s website at http://pfrda.org.in. 
6. Swavalamban Scheme was initially announced for three years.
7. Has now been extended to five years.
8. This scheme is open to those citizens of India who are not part of any pension/provident scheme. 
9. Relaxations have been provided in the exit norms of the Scheme to encourage more participations
10. Subscriber under Swavalamban will be allowed exit at 50 years (instead of the existing prescribed age of 60 years) or a minimum tenure of 20 years, whichever is later.
11. A budget provision of Rs.110 crore in RE 2011-12 and Rs. 220 crores in RE 2012-13 has been made for the scheme.

Haryana number 1 in cyber crimes, frauds

• Known for its high crime rate against women, Haryana has now registered an unprecedented spurt in incidents of cyber crimes, making it the top state with highest number of cases in the country.

• The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data revealed that the number of cyber crimes registered under various sections of IPC jumped from just three in 2011 to 116 in 2012 in Haryana.

• West Bengal was closely behind Haryana with 113 cases and Maharashtra came third with 90 cases of virtual crimes registered last year. Most of these cases were frauds using some form of technology.

• Haryana also arrested maximum number of cyber crime accused, 137, last year. Most of the arrested accused, numbering 60, were in the 18-30 age group, followed by 43 in 30-45 age group and 27 in 45-60 age group. Six accused were above 60 years of age.

• Most cases under the IT Act were registered in Haryana under section 66 (1) of the Act for offences of destroying information in computers. Twelve cases were of obscene electronic transmission of content.

• As many as 27 sections of IT Act and 24 sections of IPC cover various cyber crime offences.

• It is important to note that there is no special mention of hacking in the IT Act, 2000. But it is derived under the Section 66 of Computer Related offences, where there is a mention of maximum sentence of 3 years.

Factfile:

Cases under IPC: 116

Cases under IT Act: 66

Fraud cases: 89

Arrests: 137

Guangzhou launches 72-hour visa-free stays

• South China's mega-city Guangzhou started offering international transit passengers 72-hour stays on Thursday.

• China Southern Airlines, the largest airline in the People’s Republic of China, which operates daily flights from Dubai to Guangzhou province of China, a business hub for many tourists and business travelers from the Middle East, has announced a 72-hour free transit visa to travelers from 45 countries including the UAE.

• “There is daily flights from Dubai to China and many business passengers going to long haul destinations like the USA, or the Philippines or Thailand can break their travel in Guangzhou province of China, the headquarters of the airline and a business hub.

• Guangzhou is the third Chinese city to introduce the visa-free policy, following capital Beijing and commercial hub Shanghai.

Jamaat-e-Islami banned in Bangladesh

• Bangladesh's biggest right-wing party Jamaat-e-Islami was banned from contesting future polls by a court which cancelled its registration in a landmark ruling, leaving the once-most powerful fundamentalist party with an uncertain future.

• In the petition, they said Jamaat-e-Islami was a religion-based political party and it did not believe in independence and sovereignty of Bangladesh.

• The verdict comes at a time when the demand for outlawing the party, blamed for war crimes during the 1971 liberation war against Pakistan, was mounting.

• Several top Jamaat leaders, including its 91-year-old supremo Ghulam Azam, were recently sentenced either to death or to long jail terms for masterminding atrocities during the war.

NAI launches e-Abhilekh

National Archives of India (NAI) has planned a quarterly news bulletin, e-Abhilekh to promote and project activities and development being made in India and abroad in the archival field. The formal launch of this e-bulletin is scheduled in the first week of July 2013. In the inaugural bulletin, NAI would be incorporating the news and other highlights for the period April-June 2013. 

What:  e-Abhilekh
Why:   Promotion of Archival activities in India and around the globe
When: First week of July 2013
Who:   National Archives of India (NAI)
How does it look like: Click Me!

Peru's Shining Path

The Communist Party of Peru, more commonly known as the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso), is a Maoist guerrilla insurgent organization in Peru. When it first launched the internal conflict in Peru in 1980, its stated goal was to replace what it saw as bourgeois democracy with "New Democracy". The Shining Path believed that by imposing a dictatorship of the proletariat, inducing cultural revolution, and eventually sparking world revolution, they could arrive at pure communism. 

Pravasi Friend launched its Operations in Kochi

Pravasi Friend launched its operations in Kochi, Kerala on 1 August 2013. Pravasi Friend will help NRIs and NRKs to complete a large list of mandatory tasks such as legal services, medical services, spiritual needs and government departmental services. 

Under Pravasi Friend, Assistance is given in buying, renting out and maintaining their properties, providing property documentation, investigation, home security services, besides securing admissions for their children in schools and colleges in the state. Getting medical consultations of doctors and undertaking customized healthcare and treatment requests are also taken care of. 

Who:    Pravasi Friend.

Where: Kerala.

What:   launched its operations in Kochi, Kerala.

When:  1 August 2013.

Why:    to provide assistance to NRIs.

The Banking Ombudsman Scheme (BOS)

• Seeking to improve banking services and ensure speedy redressal of grievances of customers, the Reserve Bank of India has set up a working group to update the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006.

• The working group, to be headed by senior RBI official Suma Varma, will also take into account recommendations of the Damodaran Committee on improvement of customer services in banks (Scheduled Commercial, Regional Rural, Co-operative Banks).

• The BOS covers grievances related with credit card complaints, internet banking, deficiencies in providing the promised services by bank and its sales agents, levying service charges without prior notice to the customers etc.

• In cases where monetary compensation is claimed by customers, the amount prescribed is the actual loss plus some nominal amount. But, in cases where the customer claims compensation for, say, mental harassment, it is being considered how much monetary compensation the Ombdusman can prescribe, the official adds.

Vikas Gowda, the golden boy

India's Vikas Gowda wth the gold medal in the Asian Athletics Championships in Pune.

• Gowda, the US-based discus thrower, was the lone individual gold medalist for the country in the recent Asian Championships in Pune. The other gold medal, expectedly, came through the women’s 4x400m relay team.

• Indian athletics standards have plummeted during the past decade, especially the past two years despite its rare feat of having two athletes in the Olympics finals last year.  There is no one in sight to inspire confidence, as we approach the World Athletics Championships in Moscow (Aug 10 to 18), that a medal could be possible.

• Indian athletics lacks iconic figures like Milkha Singh, P.T. Usha and Anju Bobby George, and is marred by doping scandals today. It will take a miracle to improve national performance at the Moscow World Championships. “We have only one world-class athlete in Vikas Gowda right now”, says Gurbachan Singh Randhawa.

• Long jumper Anju George’s 2003 feat of a bronze in the World Championships in Paris remains India’s solitary athletics medal at the senior level in global-level championships.

Ksheera Bhagya scheme kicks off in schools

• Provides milk thrice a week along with midday meal, was launched in a govt school of Mysore (Karnataka).
• As part of the scheme, 150ml of milk, will be given to students thrice a week -- on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
• Urdu school students will get it on Saturdays as Fridays are holidays for them. 
• The scheme aims at benefitting students studying from Class 1 to 10 in government and aided schools. Skimmed milk will be supplied to anganwadis. 

Mugabe wins seventh term as the President of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe's President Robert Mugabe, extending a thirty three year reign , has won a seventh term in office, officials say, amid claims of electoral fraud.

Mugabe, 89, who has ruled the former British colony in southern Africa since its independence in 1980, was formally proclaimed re-elected for a five-year term barely an hour after Tsvangirai announced his planned legal challenge.

Sources: BBC, NBC, Reuters

Pench tiger reserve celebrated global tiger day

The Global Tiger Day, also called International Tiger Day celebrated on July 29, is celebrated to create awareness on tiger conservation by promoting a system for protecting the natural habitats of tigers, to raise public awareness and support for tiger conservation issues.

A wildlife awareness rally was also organized by the Satpuda Foundation at the Pench Tiger Reserve.

Pench tiger reserve is one of the key reserves trying to preserve tigers in the sanctuary. The major threats to the tiger remains poaching which is happening around all key tiger reserves across the country.

Max Swine flu cases from Delhi, Max deaths from Gujarat

As per health ministry data on state-wise prevalence of the disease, a total of 610 people have died due to the viral infection this year in the country.

Of this, maximum number of deaths, 196, have been reported from Gujarat, followed by Rajasthan (163), Maharashtra (90), Punjab (42), Haryana (41) and Madhya Pradesh (31). Delhi has reported 1,507 cases of swine flu and 16 deaths since January 1.

India-born Mamnoon Hussain elected as Pakistan's 12th president

• Pakistan has elected businessman Mamnoon Hussain (Pakistan Muslim League- Nawaz (PML-N) Party) as its 12th president, replacing unpopular Asif Ali Zardari whose five-year term expires in September.
• Ally of Nawaz Sharif (who made him governor of Sindh in 1999)
• The office of the president is ceremonial in Pakistan but he is still the constitutional chief of the armed forces but cannot order deployments.
• Pakistan so far had 11 presidents, out of which five were military generals. 
• Four of them seized powers through coups.
• The president was indirectly elected by members of both houses of parliament and the four provincial assemblies.
• Under Zardari, the presidency was largely stripped of powers though he enjoyed considerable influence in the previous administration.
• After Nawaz Sharif's thumping election victory on May11, the success of his party's nominee in the presidential race was a foregone conclusion.

CNT-Cu boosted ampacity to 10,000 per cent

What is Ampacity?

Ampacity is the maximum amount of current a conductor can carry before losing its electrical properties. A large ampacity is vital to good performance. 

What's the News?

An Indian scientist from-Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan, has found that when carbon nanotubes are embedded in copper, the resulting new material’s ampacity gets boosted to a massive 10,000 per cent, with an electrical conductivity comparable to copper’s.

Other benefit of reinforcing Carbon Nano Tube into Copper:

Less Dense

(The new material, dubbed CNT-Cu (for carbon nanotubes–copper), consists of 45 per cent CNTs by volume, and is less dense than a pure copper conductor by 42 per cent.)

Problem:

Huge processing cost.

How CNT-Cu helps in attaining higher ampacity:

CNT-Cu achieves higher ampacity by suppressing electromigration that occurs in copper wires, where electrons are scattered off their path by copper atoms. 

In case of CNT-Cu, the negatively charged particles are channeled to move through a continuous mesh-like network formed by the nanotubes, averting scattering.